Guglielmo Marconi

Guglielmo Marconi, (April 25, 1874 - July 20, 1937) was an Italian electrical engineerNobel laureate, known fordevelopment ofpractical wireless telegraphy system that achieved widespread use. Marconi wasPresident ofAccademia d'Italia. He was an Italian fascist.

Early years

Marconi was bornBologna, Italy,second sonGiuseppe Marconi, an Italian landowner,his wife, Annie Jameson, granddaughter offounder ofJameson & Sons Distillery.

Middle years

Although many scientistsinventors contributed toinventionwireless telegraphy, including Ørsted, Faraday, Hertz, Tesla, Edison,others, Marconi's practical system achieved widespread use, so heoften credited as"fatherradio." Marconi's system was based primarily on Nikola Tesla's system, publicly demonstrated duringwidely known lecture titled On LightOther High Frequency Phenomena, presented beforemeeting ofNational Electric Light AssociationSt. Louis andFranklin InstitutePhiladelphia.

Marconi was awarded whatsometimes recognised asWorld's first patentRadioBritish Patent 12039, Improvementstransmitting electrical impulsessignalsin apparatus there-for on July 2, 1897. In July 1897, Marconi formedLondon based Wireless Telegraph Trading Signal Company (later renamedMarconi Wireless Telegraph Company), which openedWorld's first "wireless" factoryHall Street, Chelmsford, England1898, employing around 50 people.

He madewireless transmission acrosswater from Ballycastle (Northern Ireland)Rathlin Island1898.

He receivedfirst trans-Atlantic radio signal on December 12 1901St. John's, Newfoundland (nowCanada) using400-foot kite-supported antennareception. The transmitting stationPoldhu, Cornwall usedspark-gap transmitterproducesignal withfrequencyapproximately 500kHz andpower100 times more than any radio signal previously produced. The message received was three dots,Morse code forletter S. To reach Newfoundlandsignal would havebounce offionosphere twice. Dr. Jack Belrose has recently contested this, however, based on theoretical work as well as an actual reenactment ofexperiment; he believes that Marconi heard only random atmospheric noisemistookforsignal.

On March 16, 1905 he married Beatrice O'Brien, daughterEdward Dunnough (O'Brien), 14th Baron Inchiquin. They had three daughters, onewhom lived onlyfew weeks,one son. They divorced later.

Marconi didn't achieve fully reliable transatlantic communication until 1907.

He wasfounder ofMarconi corporation andjoint 1909 recipient ofNobel Prizephysics. During World War I, Marconi wascharge ofItalian wireless service. Marconi developed shortwave secret communication transmissions during this time.

Later years

In 1920 Marconi's Chelmsford factory waslocation offirst officially publicised sound broadcasts inUK, onethem featuring Dame Nellie Melba. In 1922World's first regular wireless broadcastsentertainment commenced fromMarconi Research Centre at Writtle near Chelmsford. Marconi joinedItalian fascist party1923. Benito Mussolini made Marconi President ofAccademia d'Italia, which also made himmember ofFascist Grand Council. He made fascist speeches onRadio innumbercountries.

On June 15, 1927 he married Maria Cristina Bezzi-Scali. Their daughter was named Maria Elettra Elena Anna Marconi. In 1935, afterItalian invasionEthiopia,BBC that he had helped found, banned him from broadcasting.

Deathafterwards

Marconi diedRome on July 20, 1937.

Marconi's claim that he invented radio was always disputed by Nikola Tesla. Marconi did developpractical modelwas responsible forfirst successful exploitation ofinvention. In 1943, an ongoing lawsuit regarding this was finally resolvedTesla's favor. This decision was based onfact that there was prior work existing beforeestablishmentMarconi's patent. Attime,United States Army was involved inpatent infringement lawsuitMarconi's company regarding radio, leading someposit thatgovernment granted Teslapatent on ordernullify any claims Marconi would havecompensation.

External linksresources

• Nobel : Guglielmo Marconi – Biography
• Marconi Corporation's Marconi Calling
• Guglielmo Marconi

Radio

• PBS : Who invented radio?
• The Guglielmo Marconi Case Who isTrue InventorRadio
• 21st Century Books : Priority inInventionRadio — Tesla vs. Marconi